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Why Do Some Volcanic Ash Clouds Travel Thousands of Kilometers Without Settling?
为什么某些火山灰云能飘行数千公里而不沉降?
精读先不看文字,完整听一遍。
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Volcanic ash consists of tiny, jagged rock and glass particles blasted into the atmosphere during eruptions.火山灰由火山喷发时抛入大气的微小、棱角分明的岩石和玻璃颗粒组成。
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When ejected above 10 km, ash enters the stratosphere where winds blow steadily and there’s little rain.当喷发高度超过10公里时,火山灰进入平流层,那里风向稳定、降雨稀少。
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Particles smaller than 0.063 mm can stay airborne for weeks because gravity pulls them down very slowly.粒径小于0.063毫米的颗粒因重力沉降极慢,可在空中悬浮数周。
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Electrostatic forces sometimes keep ash grains apart, preventing clumping and faster fall.静电作用有时使灰粒相互排斥,阻止团聚,延缓下落。
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Sunlight heats ash layers unevenly, creating small updrafts that temporarily lift particles higher.阳光不均匀加热火山灰层,产生微弱上升气流,暂时将颗粒抬升更高。
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Jet streams then carry fine ash across continents before weak turbulence finally brings it down.急流随后将细灰输送到各大洲,最终在微弱湍流作用下缓慢沉降。
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Scientists track ash using satellites that detect infrared signatures distinct from normal clouds.科学家利用卫星探测火山灰特有的红外信号来追踪其扩散。
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Airline routes often change because ash melts inside jet engines and damages turbine blades.航空路线常作调整,因火山灰进入喷气发动机后会熔化并损坏涡轮叶片。
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Unlike dust storms, volcanic ash contains sharp minerals that resist weathering mid-air.与沙尘暴不同,火山灰含尖锐矿物,空中不易风化。
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Its global spread proves how interconnected Earth’s atmospheric systems truly are.其全球扩散印证了地球大气系统真正的紧密关联性。
精读 · 大约 10 分钟
听 → 读 → 学表达 → 懂 → 今天会说这一句 → 跟读录音 → 自己说一句。
③ 学 · 重点表达
- Its global spread proves how interconnected Earth’s atmospheric systems truly are. 其全球扩散印证了地球大气系统真正的紧密关联性。
- Electrostatic forces sometimes keep ash grains apart, preventing clumping and faster fall. 静电作用有时使灰粒相互排斥,阻止团聚,延缓下落。
- Unlike dust storms, volcanic ash contains sharp minerals that resist weathering mid-air. 与沙尘暴不同,火山灰含尖锐矿物,空中不易风化。
④ 懂 · 选一选
⑤ 今天会说这一句
Its global spread proves how interconnected Earth’s atmospheric systems truly are.
⑥ 跟读并录音
Its global spread proves how interconnected Earth’s atmospheric systems truly are.
第一版:录下来、回听、再听标准音。系统打分以后再加。
⑦ 说 · 自己来一句
用今天的表达,自己说一句。
例子:Its global spread proves how interconnected Earth’s atmospheric systems truly are.
已记下。连续天数以后会显示在课表里。
陈老师指导
课程开发中,敬请期待。成人和孩子都可以先自学听读、精读。
这边的讲解音轨还在做。想先跟着老师走完固定 30 课,可以去陈老师带读社(和自学通行不是同一份会员)。
课程开发中,敬请期待。