Gray Horizons: Policy Responses to Aging Populations in Japan and Europe

银发地平线：日本与欧洲应对老龄化社会的政策探索

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Japan’s population began shrinking in 2005, with over 29% aged 65 or older by 2023—the world’s highest proportion.
European nations like Italy and Germany followed similar demographic paths due to low fertility rates and rising life expectancy.

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