The Compass and Maritime Expansion

课文

从第 4 课起，导读页仅展示部分正文，便于您了解难度与风格。

1. Chinese navigators used magnetized needles floating in water bowls as early as the 11th century—primarily for geomantic alignment and land surveying, not open-ocean voyaging.

2. Arab traders adopted dry-pivot compasses by the 13th century, integrating them with stellar navigation and monsoon timing knowledge refined over centuries.