Volcanic Soil Fertility and Māori Agroforestry Ontologies in Taranaki

塔拉纳基火山土壤肥力与毛利人农林共生本体论

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In New Zealand’s Taranaki region, Māori cultivators treat volcanic soils not as inert substrates but as living taonga (treasures) with genealogical ties to ancestral mountains.
Pā harakeke (flax plantations) are managed through whakapapa-based pruning cycles that mirror eruption intervals recorded in oral histories and tephra layers.

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