The Copper Belt of Central Africa: Resource Extraction and Post-Extractive Futures
中非铜带：资源开采与后开采时代
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Zambia and the DRC supply over 70% of Africa’s copper, fueling global electrification yet generating limited domestic industrial upgrading.
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Chinese-financed smelters in Kolwezi now process ore locally—shifting value capture from raw export to semi-processed trade, albeit with environmental oversight gaps.
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