Turpan Basin’s Extreme Heat and the Karez System: Hydraulic Ingenuity Under Arid Constraints

吐鲁番盆地酷热与坎儿井：干旱约束下的水利智慧

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Located 154 meters below sea level, the Turpan Basin endures summer temperatures exceeding 47°C — among Earth’s most extreme continental heat islands.
Its ancient karez system, comprising over 1,100 subterranean canals totaling 5,000 kilometers, bypasses evaporation losses by channeling snowmelt from Tian Shan glaciers through gently sloped tunnels beneath the desert surface.

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