Silk Road Caravan Contracts as Multilingual Juridical Palimpsests

丝绸之路商队契约作为多语种法律性重写本

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Ninth-century Dunhuang contracts show successive layers of ink where Sogdian, Tang legal Chinese, and early Uyghur script overwrite one another on the same parchment fragment.
These were not translations but juridical palimpsests—each layer adding enforceable clauses without erasing prior obligations, creating stacked legal personhood.

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