Patagonia’s Glacial Retreat: Hydrological Memory and Transboundary Water Futures

巴塔哥尼亚冰川退缩：水文记忆与跨境水未来

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Patagonia’s Northern and Southern Ice Fields—containing 82 percent of South America’s glacier volume—are losing mass at 48 gigatons annually, reshaping river regimes that millions depend on for irrigation, hydropower, and drinking water.
The Baker River in Chile now exhibits 37 percent higher spring runoff but 52 percent lower summer baseflow—a temporal redistribution that undermines existing reservoir operating rules calibrated for glacial steadiness.

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