Tokyo: A Megacity Shaped by Geography and Risk

课文

1. Tokyo sits on a coastal plain bordered by mountains, volcanoes, and active fault lines.

   东京坐落于一片沿海平原，四周环山、火山和活跃断层。

2. Its dense urban fabric developed partly because flat land covers only 30% of the region.

   城市密集的建成区部分源于该地区仅30%为平地。

3. The city relies on imported water, as local rivers lack sufficient volume for 37 million people.

   东京依赖进口水源，因本地河流水量不足以供应3700万人口。

4. Subways run deep underground to avoid liquefaction-prone reclaimed land near Tokyo Bay.

   地铁深埋地下，以避开东京湾附近易液化的填海土地。

5. Earthquake-resistant engineering standards were strengthened after the 1923 Great Kanto quake.

   1923年关东大地震后，抗震工程标准得到加强。

6. Urban heat islands raise summer temperatures up to 3°C above rural surroundings.

   城市热岛效应使夏季气温比周边乡村高出最多3℃。

7. Green roofs and rooftop gardens help absorb rainwater during typhoon season.

   绿色屋顶和屋顶花园有助于台风季吸收雨水。

8. Public transport carries over 40 million passengers daily, reducing per-capita emissions.

   公共交通日均运送超4000万人次，降低人均碳排放。

9. Coastal flood barriers protect low-lying districts from storm surges and sea-level rise.

   海岸防洪屏障保护低洼区域免受风暴潮和海平面上升影响。

10. Community disaster drills occur quarterly, reinforcing preparedness culture across generations.

    社区防灾演练每季度举行一次，强化代代相传的防灾文化。