Why Himalayan Glacier Lake Expansion Triggers Cascading Hydrological Reconfiguration Across Transboundary Basins

喜马拉雅冰川湖扩张为何引发跨流域水文系统的级联式重构

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Landsat time-series data show GLOF-prone lakes in Bhutan and Nepal expanded 37% in surface area between 1990 and 2022, accelerating post-2010.
This growth alters downstream flow regimes not only through sudden outburst floods but via persistent baseflow attenuation in tributaries feeding the Kosi and Gandaki rivers.

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