Cities Grow Like Living Organisms: Patterns of Urban Expansion

课文

1. Cities rarely grow in perfect circles; instead, they spread along transportation corridors like highways and railways.

   城市很少呈完美的圆形扩张，而往往沿着高速公路、铁路等交通走廊延伸。

2. Older neighborhoods often cluster around historic centers, while newer suburbs develop farther out with lower density.

   老城区通常围绕历史中心聚集，而新建郊区则向外扩展，人口密度较低。

3. Gentrification transforms industrial waterfronts or inner-city districts into high-rent residential areas.

   士绅化将工业滨水区或市中心区域改造为高租金住宅区。

4. Megacities like Tokyo and Lagos expand rapidly due to both natural population growth and rural migration.

   东京和拉各斯等特大城市因自然人口增长和农村人口迁入而迅速扩张。

5. Urban sprawl consumes farmland and increases car dependence, raising emissions and infrastructure costs.

   城市无序蔓延吞噬农田，加剧对汽车的依赖，推高排放量和基础设施成本。

6. Some cities now adopt compact development policies to protect green belts and improve public transit access.

   一些城市现采用紧凑型开发政策，以保护绿带并改善公共交通可达性。

7. Informal settlements—often called favelas or kampungs—arise where housing demand outpaces planning capacity.

   当住房需求超出规划能力时，便会出现贫民窟或甘榜等非正规聚居区。

8. Smart growth strategies encourage mixed-use zoning so people can live, work, and shop within walking distance.

   精明增长策略提倡混合用地规划，使居民能在步行范围内生活、工作和购物。

9. Satellite images clearly show how cities change shape over decades, revealing economic and policy shifts.

   卫星图像清晰显示城市数十年间形态的变化，反映出经济与政策的变迁。

10. Studying urban form helps planners design healthier, fairer, and more resilient cities for everyone.

    研究城市形态有助于规划者为所有人设计更健康、更公平、更具韧性的城市。