The Evolutionary Trade-Off Between Antibiotic Resistance and Bacterial Fitness in Natural Environments

抗生素耐药性与细菌适应性在自然环境中的进化权衡

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Resistance genes often impose metabolic costs—such as reduced replication speed or impaired nutrient uptake—making resistant strains less competitive in antibiotic-free environments.
However, compensatory mutations can restore fitness without sacrificing resistance, transforming temporary disadvantages into stable adaptations within ecological niches.

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