The Rise of the Maurya Empire in India

课文

1. In the 4th century BCE, Chandragupta Maurya united northern Indian kingdoms after Alexander’s retreat.

   公元前4世纪，旃陀罗笈多·孔雀在亚历山大撤军后统一了北印度诸王国。

2. He built a centralized state with spies, tax collectors, and royal roads connecting major cities.

   他建立了中央集权国家，设有间谍、税吏，并修筑皇家大道连接主要城市。

3. His advisor Kautilya wrote the Arthashastra, a detailed manual on governance and diplomacy.

   他的顾问考提利耶撰写了《政事论》，这是一部关于治国与外交的详尽手册。

4. Ashoka, his grandson, expanded the empire but later renounced war after the bloody Kalinga conquest.

   其孙阿育王扩张帝国，但在血腥征服羯陵伽后放弃战争。

5. He promoted nonviolence, tolerance, and public welfare through stone edicts across South Asia.

   他通过遍布南亚的石刻诏令，倡导非暴力、宽容与公共福利。

6. Monks carried Buddhist teachings beyond India as Ashoka supported missions to Sri Lanka and Central Asia.

   在阿育王支持下，僧侣将佛教教义传播至印度以外，远达斯里兰卡和中亚。

7. The empire declined soon after Ashoka’s death due to weak successors and regional rebellions.

   阿育王去世后，帝国因继任者软弱及地方叛乱迅速衰落。

8. Yet its administrative model influenced later Indian rulers for over a thousand years.

   然而，其行政模式影响了此后一千多年的印度统治者。