世界史关键时刻·英语30篇（1）
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The Rise of the Maurya Empire in India
印度孔雀王朝的崛起
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In the 4th century BCE, Chandragupta Maurya united northern Indian kingdoms after Alexander’s retreat.公元前4世纪，旃陀罗笈多·孔雀在亚历山大撤军后统一了北印度诸王国。
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He built a centralized state with spies, tax collectors, and royal roads connecting major cities.他建立了中央集权国家，设有间谍、税吏，并修筑皇家大道连接主要城市。
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His advisor Kautilya wrote the Arthashastra, a detailed manual on governance and diplomacy.他的顾问考提利耶撰写了《政事论》，这是一部关于治国与外交的详尽手册。
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Ashoka, his grandson, expanded the empire but later renounced war after the bloody Kalinga conquest.其孙阿育王扩张帝国，但在血腥征服羯陵伽后放弃战争。
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He promoted nonviolence, tolerance, and public welfare through stone edicts across South Asia.他通过遍布南亚的石刻诏令，倡导非暴力、宽容与公共福利。
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Monks carried Buddhist teachings beyond India as Ashoka supported missions to Sri Lanka and Central Asia.在阿育王支持下，僧侣将佛教教义传播至印度以外，远达斯里兰卡和中亚。
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The empire declined soon after Ashoka’s death due to weak successors and regional rebellions.阿育王死后，帝国因继任者软弱及地方叛乱而迅速衰落。
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Yet its administrative model influenced later Indian rulers for over a thousand years.然而，其行政模式影响了此后一千多年的印度统治者。