Volcanic Ash Stratigraphy and Ancestral Calibration: The Taupō Caldera’s Ritual Chronometers in New Zealand’s North Island

火山灰地层学与祖先校准：新西兰北岛陶波火山口的仪式计时器

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Taupō Caldera’s post-eruption ash layers form natural chronometers whose color gradations, grain size distributions, and magnetic susceptibility ratios are recited verbatim in Māori whakapapa genealogies.
Each major eruption—232 CE, 181 AD, and 25,000 BP—is marked not by dates but by stratigraphic descriptors tied to ancestral migrations, creating a geologic-kinship timeline legible only through oral calibration.

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