Hydrological Sovereignty: Transboundary Aquifers and the Limits of Territorial Jurisdiction

水文主权：跨界含水层与领土管辖权的边界

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The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System spans four countries but lacks unified monitoring—so Libya drills deeper while Egypt restricts abstraction, accelerating saline intrusion unseen across borders.
The Guarani Aquifer Agreement remains unratified by Paraguay, not due to disagreement, but because its constitution defines groundwater as ‘inherent national patrimony’—non-transferable even by treaty.

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