Geopolitics of Renewable Energy Transition: Rare Earth Dependencies, Grid Interconnection, and Sovereignty Reconfiguration

可再生能源转型的地缘政治：稀土依赖、电网互联与主权重构

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China refines 85% of the world’s rare earth elements—critical for permanent magnets in wind turbines—creating supply chain leverage far exceeding oil-exporting cartels’ influence.
The European Supergrid proposal stalled not over technical feasibility but because Germany insisted on retaining national control over dispatch algorithms governing cross-border electricity flows.

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