The Fiscal Externalities of Platform-Based Urban Mobility — When Convenience Conceals Public Cost Shifting

平台型城市出行的财政外部性——便利表象下隐藏的公共成本转嫁

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Ride-hailing and micro-mobility platforms generate revenue while offloading infrastructure maintenance, traffic enforcement, and congestion management onto municipalities.
City budgets absorb rising costs for road repaving damaged by high-frequency vehicle turnover and parking violations tied to app-based dispatch.

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