The Columbian Exchange as Labor-System Transformation

哥伦布大交换作为劳动体系转型

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The arrival of maize and potatoes in Europe did not merely increase calories—it reshaped seasonal labor demands, enabling year-round textile production in Flemish towns.
Where rye had required fall plowing and summer weeding, potatoes could be planted in March and harvested in October, filling the ‘agricultural gap’ that previously idled urban spinners.

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