The Peace of Westphalia and the Invention of Diplomatic Immunity
《威斯特伐利亚和约》与外交豁免权的发明
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The 1648 treaties did not establish ‘sovereign equality’ as abstract principle, but codified practical immunities so envoys could negotiate without fear of arrest for unpaid debts or libel charges.
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Swedish diplomats in Münster insisted on immunity from local sumptuary laws—allowing them to wear silk doublets despite Westphalian textile bans—establishing precedent for protocol over jurisdiction.
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