Marrakech’s Jemaa el-Fna Acoustic Ecology: Street Performance Licensing as Sonic Sovereignty Practice

马拉喀什杰马·埃尔·弗纳广场的声音生态：街头表演许可作为声学主权实践

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Since 2015, Marrakech’s municipal council has issued acoustic permits not by volume thresholds but by spectral analysis—requiring performers to submit spectrograms proving their music avoids frequencies associated with colonial-era military drumming.
Storytellers must rotate narrative registers every 22 minutes to prevent auditory fatigue among multilingual listeners, a rule enforced by elder 'Hakawati' guild members acting as sonic ombudsmen.

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