The Baltic Sea’s Eutrophication Crisis and Transnational Nutrient Governance
波罗的海富营养化危机与跨国养分治理
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The Baltic Sea receives nitrogen and phosphorus loads from nine countries, yet its nearly enclosed geography prevents natural flushing—causing hypoxic dead zones covering 70,000 km² annually.
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Agricultural runoff contributes 50% of nitrogen and 30% of phosphorus loads, with intensive pig farming in Denmark and Poland generating manure volumes exceeding regional assimilation capacity.
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