The Niger Delta’s Petro-State Paradox and Environmental Justice Litigation

尼日尔三角洲石油国家悖论与环境正义诉讼

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Nigeria produces 600,000 barrels of oil daily from the Niger Delta, yet 60% of its 30 million residents lack reliable electricity access—exemplifying the resource curse paradox.
Shell’s 2015 settlement with Ogoni communities acknowledged 15,600 oil spills between 1976–2001, yet cleanup obligations remain unenforced under Nigeria’s weak environmental agency capacity.

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