Monsoons: Wind, Water, and Livelihoods

课文

1. Monsoon winds shift direction seasonally, bringing heavy summer rains to South and Southeast Asia.

   季风随季节改变方向，为南亚和东南亚带来丰沛的夏季降雨。

2. Farmers in India time rice planting to coincide with the June–September monsoon onset.

   印度农民根据6月至9月季风到来的时间安排水稻播种。

3. When monsoons arrive late or weaken, crop failures and drinking water shortages often follow.

   若季风来得晚或减弱，常导致农作物歉收和饮用水短缺。

4. Urban drainage systems in cities like Mumbai frequently overflow during intense rainfall events.

   孟买等城市的市政排水系统在强降雨期间经常溢流。

5. Warmer sea surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean increase moisture available for monsoon clouds.

   印度洋海表温度升高，增加了季风云团可利用的水汽。

6. Glaciers in the Himalayas feed major rivers that rely on monsoon-fed snowmelt for year-round flow.

   喜马拉雅山脉的冰川补给多条大河，这些河流依赖季风带来的融雪实现全年径流。

7. Some communities build elevated homes and floating gardens to adapt to annual flooding.

   一些社区建造高脚屋和漂浮菜园，以适应每年的洪水。

8. Meteorologists now combine ground sensors, satellites, and historical records to improve monsoon forecasts.

   气象学家如今综合地面传感器、卫星和历史资料来提升季风预报精度。