Urban Heat Island Mitigation and the Uneven Distribution of Shade Equity in São Paulo

城市热岛缓解与圣保罗遮荫公平性的不均衡分布

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São Paulo’s 2023 Shade Equity Index revealed that neighborhoods with median incomes above R$12,000 had 4.7 times more tree canopy cover than favelas with median incomes below R$2,500.
Municipal heat-action plans mandate rooftop solar reflectivity standards for new commercial buildings—but exempt informal settlements where corrugated metal roofs amplify indoor temperatures.

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