Glacial Retreat and the Hydrological Reconfiguration of Andean Water Security

冰川退缩与安第斯山脉水资源安全的水文重构

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Glaciers in the tropical Andes have lost 48% of their mass since 1980, shifting water provisioning from seasonal glacial melt buffers to increasingly erratic rainfall-dependent runoff.
Lima’s water utility now relies on reservoirs fed by non-glacial tributaries—yet these catchments exhibit 3.2× greater interannual flow variability than historic glacier-fed systems.

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