十万个为什么·科学启蒙30篇（1）
24 / 30
正在校验访问权限...
How Do Solar Panels Turn Sunlight Into Electricity?
太阳能电池板如何把阳光变成电？
-
Solar panels contain silicon layers that form an electric field when sunlight hits them.
-
Photons from sunlight knock electrons loose from silicon atoms inside the panel.
-
These free electrons flow in one direction, creating direct current (DC) electricity.
-
Metal contacts on the panel collect the electrons and send them through wires.
-
An inverter then changes DC into alternating current (AC), which powers most homes.
-
Efficiency depends on light angle, temperature, and how clean the panel surface is.
-
Even on cloudy days, panels still generate some power using diffuse sunlight.
-
Multiple panels linked together form an array that scales up total energy output.
-
Silicon isn’t the only material—scientists now test perovskites for cheaper, flexible options.
-
This clean process makes solar energy one of the fastest-growing power sources worldwide.