十万个为什么·科学启蒙30篇（1）
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Why Do We See Rainbows After It Rains?
为什么雨后会出现彩虹？
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Rainbows form when sunlight passes through raindrops hanging in the air after a storm.雨后阳光穿过空中的雨滴，便形成彩虹。
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Each drop bends the light, separates it into colors, and reflects it back toward your eyes.每颗雨滴都会折射光线，将其分解为不同颜色，并反射回你的眼中。
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Red light bends the least, so it appears on the outer edge of the rainbow.红光折射最小，因此位于彩虹外侧边缘。
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Violet light bends the most, which is why it always sits on the inner edge.紫光折射最大，所以总在彩虹内侧边缘。
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You must stand with your back to the sun and face the rain to see a full arc.要看到完整的彩虹弧，你必须背对太阳、面向雨幕。
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Double rainbows happen when light reflects twice inside a raindrop, reversing the color order.当光线在雨滴内反射两次时，就会出现双彩虹，颜色顺序也会颠倒。
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Rainbows are actually full circles, but the ground usually blocks the lower half.彩虹其实是完整的圆，但地面通常遮挡了下半部分。
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No two people see the exact same rainbow because each views light from different drops.没人能看到完全相同的彩虹，因为每个人观察的都是来自不同雨滴的光。
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The size and brightness depend on drop size, sun height, and air clarity.彩虹的大小和亮度取决于雨滴大小、太阳高度及空气通透度。
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Photographers sometimes use mist machines to create tiny rainbows for science demos.摄影师有时会用造雾机制造微小彩虹，用于科学演示。