十万个为什么·科学启蒙30篇（1）
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What Makes Honey Bees Dance?
蜜蜂的‘舞蹈’有什么含义？
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Honey bees perform a special ‘waggle dance’ on the vertical surface of their hive’s honeycomb to share information about food sources.
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The angle of the dance relative to gravity tells other bees the direction of flowers compared to the Sun’s position.
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The duration of the waggling part indicates how far away the food is—the longer the waggle, the farther the distance.
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Bees use polarized light patterns in the sky to navigate even when the Sun isn’t visible behind clouds.
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A forager bee may repeat her dance dozens of times, allowing up to 20 nestmates to follow and learn the route.
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Dances for water or new nest sites follow similar rules but include extra signals like scent or buzzing intensity.
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If a food patch dries up, returning bees stop dancing, and the colony quickly shifts focus elsewhere.
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Scientists first decoded this language in the 1940s, and Karl von Frisch later won a Nobel Prize for his discovery.
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Bee dances only work because recruits can detect subtle vibrations and chemical cues left on the comb.
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Modern research shows that stressed or pesticide-exposed bees make less precise dances, harming colony efficiency.