十万个为什么·科学启蒙30篇（3）
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Big Waves Can Rush In After Quakes
大地震后会有巨浪涌来
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Undersea earthquakes shift the ocean floor suddenly and push huge water columns upward.
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This energy travels fast across deep water, forming long, low waves you can’t easily spot.
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Near shore, the wave slows down but grows taller as water gets shallower.
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Tsunamis aren’t like normal beach waves — they arrive as walls of churning water instead of curls.
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Coastal warning systems use seismometers and ocean buoys to detect early signs of trouble.
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People near beaches learn evacuation routes and meet at high ground when alarms sound.
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Even small tsunamis can knock over cars or sweep away docks and fishing boats.
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After a tsunami, volunteers help clean up broken homes and share clean water and food.
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Some islands plant mangrove trees along shores because roots slow down incoming waves.
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Always listen to local alerts — a tsunami may come minutes or hours after the first tremor.