历史小径·世界史英语30篇（1）
14 / 30
正在确认阅读权限…
Smoot-Hawley and the Shattered Web of Trade
斯穆特-霍利关税法与破碎的贸易之网
-
In 1930, the U.S. passed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act to protect farmers and factories from foreign competition.1930年，美国通过《斯穆特-霍利关税法》，以保护农民和工厂免受外国竞争冲击。
-
Tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods rose to record highs, sometimes over 60%.逾两万种进口商品的关税升至历史高位，部分甚至超过60%。
-
Canada, France, and Germany quickly retaliated with their own steep tariffs on American exports.加拿大、法国和德国迅速对美出口商品加征高额报复性关税。
-
World trade volume collapsed by nearly two-thirds between 1929 and 1934 during the Great Depression.大萧条期间，全球贸易额在1929至1934年间骤降近三分之二。
-
Small nations suffered most, as export-dependent economies like Cuba and Argentina faced sudden market closures.小国受害最重，古巴、阿根廷等依赖出口的经济体突遭市场关闭。
-
The law deepened global distrust and weakened the fragile cooperation built after World War I.该法案加剧了全球互信危机，削弱了一战后艰难建立的国际合作。
-
Economists later agreed it worsened unemployment and delayed recovery across continents.经济学家事后普遍认为，它加剧了失业并延缓了各大洲的经济复苏。
-
Its failure paved the way for the 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).其失败为1947年《关税与贸易总协定》（GATT）铺平了道路。
-
Modern trade rules still reflect lessons learned from that era’s spiral of protectionism.当今国际贸易规则仍深刻反映着那个保护主义恶性循环时代的教训。
-
Today’s WTO dispute panels often cite Smoot-Hawley as a cautionary milestone in economic diplomacy.如今世贸组织争端解决机构常援引《斯穆特-霍利关税法》作为经济外交的警示里程碑。