历史小径·世界史英语30篇（1）
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Basel Accords: When Banks Agreed to Speak One Financial Language
巴塞尔协议：当银行开始使用同一种金融语言
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After the 1997 Asian financial crisis, central bankers met in Basel to prevent future banking collapses.
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They created shared capital rules so banks everywhere held enough reserves against risky loans.
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The 2004 Basel II framework added internal risk models and transparency requirements for large institutions.
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When Lehman Brothers failed in 2008, flaws in those models became painfully clear worldwide.
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Regulators responded with Basel III, demanding stronger buffers and stricter liquidity tests for global banks.
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Countries like Japan, Switzerland, and Brazil adapted the rules to fit local markets without weakening standards.
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Supervisors now conduct joint stress tests across borders to simulate crises like pandemics or cyberattacks.
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Even non-member nations such as Nigeria and Vietnam use Basel principles to reform their banking laws.
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This slow, technical cooperation shows how finance became a truly transnational public good.
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Trust in money depends not just on national policy—but on shared, verified discipline.