历史小径·世界史英语30篇（1）

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巴塞尔协议：当银行开始使用同一种金融语言

After the 1997 Asian financial crisis, central bankers met in Basel to prevent future banking collapses.
They created shared capital rules so banks everywhere held enough reserves against risky loans.
The 2004 Basel II framework added internal risk models and transparency requirements for large institutions.
When Lehman Brothers failed in 2008, flaws in those models became painfully clear worldwide.
Regulators responded with Basel III, demanding stronger buffers and stricter liquidity tests for global banks.
Countries like Japan, Switzerland, and Brazil adapted the rules to fit local markets without weakening standards.
Supervisors now conduct joint stress tests across borders to simulate crises like pandemics or cyberattacks.
Even non-member nations such as Nigeria and Vietnam use Basel principles to reform their banking laws.
This slow, technical cooperation shows how finance became a truly transnational public good.
Trust in money depends not just on national policy—but on shared, verified discipline.