历史小径·世界史英语30篇（1）
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Twelve Tables to Today: How Roman Law Still Shapes Courts
十二铜表法至今：罗马法如何仍在塑造法庭
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In 451 BCE, Rome carved its first written laws onto bronze tablets so citizens could read and challenge injustice.公元前451年，罗马将首批成文法刻于青铜板上，使公民得以查阅并质疑不公。
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The Twelve Tables established ideas like ‘innocent until proven guilty’ and equal treatment under law for all free men.《十二铜表法》确立了‘无罪推定’及所有自由民法律面前一律平等的理念。
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Roman jurists later refined contract rules, property rights, and inheritance customs across three continents.后来，罗马法学家在三大洲范围内完善了契约规则、财产权和继承习俗。
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When empires fell, monasteries preserved legal texts, and medieval universities taught Roman law as foundational knowledge.帝国衰落后，修道院保存了法律文献，中世纪大学则将罗马法作为基础学科讲授。
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Napoleon’s 1804 Civil Code borrowed heavily from Roman concepts of obligation and liability.拿破仑1804年《民法典》大量借鉴了罗马法关于义务与责任的概念。
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Today, civil law systems in France, Brazil, and South Korea trace core structures directly to Roman jurisprudence.当今法国、巴西和韩国等大陆法系国家的核心法律结构，直接源于罗马法学。
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Common law countries like England and the U.S. also use Roman ideas in commercial courts and maritime law.英国和美国等普通法国家也在商事法庭和海事法中运用罗马法理念。
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Legal Latin terms—habeas corpus, pro bono, stare decisis—still anchor courtroom language worldwide.人身保护令（habeas corpus）、公益代理（pro bono）、遵循先例（stare decisis）等拉丁语法律术语，至今仍是全球法庭语言的基石。
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Judges consult Roman principles when interpreting fairness in digital contracts or AI accountability cases.法官在解释数字合同公平性或人工智能问责案件时，仍援引罗马法原则。
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More than language or empire, Rome’s greatest export was the belief that law should be clear, consistent, and public.罗马最伟大的输出，远不止语言或帝国，而是‘法律应清晰、一致且公开’这一信念。