历史小径·世界史英语30篇（1）
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Decolonization: Building New Nations
非殖民化：新兴国家的建设
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After World War II, colonies across Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean demanded independence from European powers.
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India gained freedom in 1947 through nonviolent protest led by Gandhi, inspiring movements worldwide.
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New nations faced huge challenges: drawing fair borders, training civil servants, and building schools and hospitals.
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Some adopted parliamentary systems modeled on Britain; others chose socialist policies like Ghana under Nkrumah.
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Language choices mattered — Kenya taught English and Swahili, while Indonesia promoted Bahasa as a unifying tongue.
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Refugee crises followed partition, especially in India-Pakistan and Israel-Palestine, testing new governments’ capacity.
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The UN supported self-determination, yet Cold War rivalries often turned independence struggles into proxy conflicts.
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Women participated in liberation movements but rarely held top posts in early post-colonial cabinets.
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Economies shifted from exporting raw materials to developing local industries — with mixed success.
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Decolonization did not end inequality, but it gave millions the right to shape their own futures.