历史小径·世界史英语30篇（1）
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The Internet Dawn: From Labs to Living Rooms
互联网初生：从实验室到起居室
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In the late 1960s, U.S. researchers built ARPANET to share computing resources between universities and defense labs.
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Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989 at CERN, designing URLs, HTML, and HTTP for scientists.
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The first web browser, Mosaic, launched in 1993 and made the internet visual, fast, and easy for ordinary users.
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Dial-up modems connected homes slowly, but email, chat rooms, and basic websites spread rapidly.
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Online encyclopedias like Nupedia (later Wikipedia) invited public contributions, challenging traditional knowledge authority.
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Small businesses opened virtual storefronts, while newspapers added online editions to reach wider audiences.
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Governments started offering services online, from tax filing to passport applications, increasing transparency.
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Yet digital divides grew — rural areas and poorer countries lagged in access and technical training.
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Early internet culture valued openness and collaboration, though commercial interests soon reshaped its direction.
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What began as a tool for experts became a global platform for learning, connection, and creative expression.