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Industrial Cities: Smoke, Sweat, and Change
工业城市：烟尘、汗水与变迁
精读先不看文字，完整听一遍。
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Factories powered by steam engines drew workers from farms to cities like Manchester and Pittsburgh overnight.蒸汽机驱动的工厂一夜之间将工人从农田吸引到曼彻斯特、匹兹堡等城市。
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Tenement housing crowded families into dark, airless rooms with no running water or sewage systems.廉价公寓将家庭挤进昏暗、密闭、无自来水和排污系统的房间。
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Children as young as six worked 14-hour shifts in textile mills, risking limbs in unguarded machines.年仅六岁的儿童在纺织厂每天工作14小时，操作无防护机器，随时可能伤残。
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Cholera outbreaks spread fast where waste flowed into drinking water — killing thousands in London in 1854.污水流入饮用水源，霍乱迅速蔓延——1854年伦敦数千人因此丧生。
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Reformers like Edwin Chadwick documented conditions, pushing governments to pass public health laws.埃德温·查德威克等改革者记录恶劣状况，推动政府颁布公共卫生法。
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Trade unions formed secretly at first, demanding fair wages, shorter hours, and safer workplaces.工会起初秘密组建，要求合理工资、缩短工时和改善工作安全。
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Gas lamps lit factory floors at night, extending labor — but also enabling evening classes for workers’ children.煤气灯照亮工厂夜班，延长劳动时间，却也使工人子女得以参加晚间课程。
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Railways moved coal and goods efficiently, yet polluted air so badly that ‘pea-soup fog’ became common.铁路高效运输煤炭与货物，却造成严重空气污染，‘豌豆汤雾’由此成为常态。
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Cities grew faster than planning could keep up, creating chaotic streets, noise, and constant motion.城市发展远超规划能力，街道混乱、噪音喧嚣、人流不息。
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Industrialization brought wealth and innovation — but its human cost forced societies to rethink progress itself.工业化带来财富与创新，但其沉重的人力代价迫使社会重新思考‘进步’本身。
精读 · 大约 10 分钟
听 → 读 → 学表达 → 懂 → 今天会说这一句 → 跟读录音 → 自己说一句。
③ 学 · 重点表达
- Reformers like Edwin Chadwick documented conditions, pushing governments to pass public health laws. 埃德温·查德威克等改革者记录恶劣状况，推动政府颁布公共卫生法。
- Trade unions formed secretly at first, demanding fair wages, shorter hours, and safer workplaces. 工会起初秘密组建，要求合理工资、缩短工时和改善工作安全。
- Tenement housing crowded families into dark, airless rooms with no running water or sewage systems. 廉价公寓将家庭挤进昏暗、密闭、无自来水和排污系统的房间。
④ 懂 · 选一选
⑤ 今天会说这一句
Reformers like Edwin Chadwick documented conditions, pushing governments to pass public health laws.
⑥ 跟读并录音
Reformers like Edwin Chadwick documented conditions, pushing governments to pass public health laws.
第一版：录下来、回听、再听标准音。系统打分以后再加。
⑦ 说 · 自己来一句
用今天的表达，自己说一句。
例子：Reformers like Edwin Chadwick documented conditions, pushing governments to pass public health laws.
已记下。连续天数以后会显示在课表里。
陈老师指导
课程开发中，敬请期待。成人和孩子都可以先自学听读、精读。
这边的讲解音轨还在做。想先跟着老师走完固定 30 课，可以去陈老师带读社（和自学通行不是同一份会员）。
课程开发中，敬请期待。