历史小径·世界史英语30篇（1）
9 / 30
正在校验访问权限...
Industrial Cities: Smoke, Sweat, and Change
工业城市：烟尘、汗水与变迁
-
Factories powered by steam engines drew workers from farms to cities like Manchester and Pittsburgh overnight.
-
Tenement housing crowded families into dark, airless rooms with no running water or sewage systems.
-
Children as young as six worked 14-hour shifts in textile mills, risking limbs in unguarded machines.
-
Cholera outbreaks spread fast where waste flowed into drinking water — killing thousands in London in 1854.
-
Reformers like Edwin Chadwick documented conditions, pushing governments to pass public health laws.
-
Trade unions formed secretly at first, demanding fair wages, shorter hours, and safer workplaces.
-
Gas lamps lit factory floors at night, extending labor — but also enabling evening classes for workers’ children.
-
Railways moved coal and goods efficiently, yet polluted air so badly that ‘pea-soup fog’ became common.
-
Cities grew faster than planning could keep up, creating chaotic streets, noise, and constant motion.
-
Industrialization brought wealth and innovation — but its human cost forced societies to rethink progress itself.