STEM与日常科技·英语30篇（1）

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农业无人机喷洒与变量施肥

Instead of applying fertilizer evenly across an entire field, modern drones use multispectral cameras to assess crop health zone by zone.
Healthy green areas reflect more near-infrared light, while stressed or sparse patches show different spectral signatures.
Based on this data, software generates precise application maps that tell drones exactly how much nitrogen or phosphorus each sub-area needs.
Onboard GPS and real-time sensors allow drones to adjust spray nozzles mid-flight, matching dosage to plant density and soil type.
This method cuts fertilizer use by 15–30%, reducing runoff into rivers and lowering farmers’ input costs.
Drones also monitor pests and irrigation gaps, capturing changes faster than ground scouts or satellites.
Small farms benefit especially — one drone operator can manage 200+ hectares daily, replacing hours of manual scouting.
Regulations require certified pilots and approved chemicals, but battery life and weather sensitivity remain practical limits.