STEM与日常科技·英语30篇（1）
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How Remote Sensing Images Monitor Forests
遥感影像如何监测森林
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Satellites like Landsat and Sentinel capture light beyond visible wavelengths, including near-infrared and shortwave infrared bands.
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Healthy tree leaves strongly reflect near-infrared light, making dense forests appear bright red in false-color composites.
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Burn scars, insect damage, or drought stress reduce this reflectance, showing up as duller or brownish patches over time.
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By comparing images taken weeks or months apart, scientists calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to quantify greenness change.
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Radar satellites penetrate clouds and darkness, mapping forest structure and detecting illegal logging even in rainy seasons.
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AI tools now identify deforestation hotspots automatically, alerting rangers before large-scale clearing spreads.
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Local communities also use smartphone apps linked to satellite feeds to report suspicious activity and verify land rights.
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Long-term datasets reveal how climate shifts affect forest growth rates, species migration, and carbon sequestration capacity.