STEM与日常科技·英语30篇（2）
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How Weather Radar Detects Rain Intensity and Movement
气象雷达如何探测降雨强度与移动
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Weather radar sends out microwave pulses that bounce off raindrops in the sky.
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By measuring how much energy returns and how long it takes, computers calculate distance and intensity.
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Larger or more numerous drops reflect stronger signals, showing heavy versus light rain.
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Doppler radar also detects motion, so it can track storm movement and rotation speed.
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Meteorologists combine data from many radars to build real-time national precipitation maps.
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This helps issue flash flood warnings hours before heavy rain reaches cities.
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Radar cannot see inside mountains, so gaps exist in terrain-heavy regions.
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New dual-polarization radars send both horizontal and vertical pulses for better drop shape analysis.
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They distinguish rain from hail, snow, or even birds flying near airports.
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Though powerful, radar still needs ground sensors to confirm rainfall amounts accurately.