STEM与日常科技·英语30篇（2）

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碳纤维为什么又轻又强

Carbon fiber consists of thin strands made mostly of carbon atoms bonded in microscopic crystalline structures.
These atoms align tightly in parallel planes, giving the material exceptional tensile strength along the fiber direction.
Because carbon atoms are small and light, carbon fiber has only about one-fourth the density of steel.
When embedded in epoxy resin, the fibers form a composite that resists bending and impact without adding bulk.
Unlike metals, carbon fiber does not corrode, fatigue easily, or conduct electricity excessively.
Its stiffness-to-weight ratio makes it ideal for aircraft wings, racing bikes, and satellite components.
Manufacturers control strength by adjusting fiber orientation, weave pattern, and resin content during layup.
Even a small amount of misaligned fibers can significantly reduce performance, so precision matters greatly.
Recycling carbon fiber remains challenging because high heat breaks down the resin but leaves tangled fibers.
Despite higher cost, its energy-saving benefits in transport and aerospace justify growing use worldwide.