历史小径·世界史英语30篇（2）
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Hundred Schools of Thought: Ideas in Competition
诸子百家与思想竞争
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In ancient China, around 500 BCE, many philosophers began teaching new ways to understand society and human nature.
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Confucius emphasized respect, duty, and moral leadership, while Daoists like Laozi valued simplicity and harmony with nature.
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Mozi argued for universal love and practical benefits, and Legalists such as Han Feizi believed strict laws were essential for order.
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These thinkers opened schools, debated publicly, and wrote texts that shaped Chinese education for over two thousand years.
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Their ideas competed not just in writing but also in royal courts, where rulers chose advisors based on usefulness and logic.
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Unlike religious dogma, most schools welcomed questioning and adapted their views through dialogue and experience.
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This era produced lasting terms like 'ren' (benevolence) and 'wu wei' (non-action), still used in modern Chinese discourse.
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Even today, students in East Asia study these debates to understand ethics, governance, and personal responsibility.