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Five-Year Plans and the Rise of Heavy Industry
工业化五年计划与基础建设
精读先不看文字，完整听一遍。
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In the Soviet Union during the 1930s, leaders launched ambitious Five-Year Plans to transform agriculture-based economies into industrial powers.20世纪30年代，苏联领导人启动雄心勃勃的五年计划，将农业经济转变为工业强国。
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Factories, power plants, and steel mills were built rapidly—even when materials or skilled workers were scarce.工厂、电厂和钢铁厂迅速建成，即便材料或熟练工人严重短缺。
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Workers moved from villages to cities, often living in temporary housing while building infrastructure like railways and dams.工人从乡村迁往城市，常住临时住所，同时修建铁路、水坝等基础设施。
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The plans prioritized heavy industry over consumer goods, so people waited years for basic items like shoes or soap.这些计划优先发展重工业而非消费品，民众往往需等待数年才能买到鞋或肥皂等基本用品。
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Despite harsh conditions and forced labor in some cases, production of coal, iron, and machinery rose sharply by 1937.尽管条件艰苦，部分地区甚至存在强制劳动，但到1937年，煤炭、铁和机械的产量仍大幅上升。
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Similar planning models later influenced development strategies in China, India, and several Eastern European countries.类似的规划模式后来影响了中国、印度及多个东欧国家的发展战略。
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Economists still debate whether central planning can match market-driven innovation, especially in fast-changing sectors.经济学家至今仍在争论：中央计划能否在快速变化的领域匹敌市场驱动的创新。
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What remains clear is how these plans reshaped landscapes, labor systems, and national identities across continents.可以肯定的是，这些计划深刻重塑了各大洲的地貌、劳动体系与国家认同。
精读 · 大约 10 分钟
听 → 读 → 学表达 → 懂 → 今天会说这一句 → 跟读录音 → 自己说一句。
③ 学 · 重点表达
- Economists still debate whether central planning can match market-driven innovation, especially in fast-changing sectors. 经济学家至今仍在争论：中央计划能否在快速变化的领域匹敌市场驱动的创新。
- Similar planning models later influenced development strategies in China, India, and several Eastern European countries. 类似的规划模式后来影响了中国、印度及多个东欧国家的发展战略。
- Factories, power plants, and steel mills were built rapidly—even when materials or skilled workers were scarce. 工厂、电厂和钢铁厂迅速建成，即便材料或熟练工人严重短缺。
④ 懂 · 选一选
⑤ 今天会说这一句
Economists still debate whether central planning can match market-driven innovation, especially in fast-changing sectors.
⑥ 跟读并录音
Economists still debate whether central planning can match market-driven innovation, especially in fast-changing sectors.
第一版：录下来、回听、再听标准音。系统打分以后再加。
⑦ 说 · 自己来一句
用今天的表达，自己说一句。
例子：Economists still debate whether central planning can match market-driven innovation, especially in fast-changing sectors.
已记下。连续天数以后会显示在课表里。
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