历史小径·世界史英语30篇（2）
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Five-Year Plans and the Rise of Heavy Industry
工业化五年计划与基础建设
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In the Soviet Union during the 1930s, leaders launched ambitious Five-Year Plans to transform agriculture-based economies into industrial powers.
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Factories, power plants, and steel mills were built rapidly—even when materials or skilled workers were scarce.
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Workers moved from villages to cities, often living in temporary housing while building infrastructure like railways and dams.
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The plans prioritized heavy industry over consumer goods, so people waited years for basic items like shoes or soap.
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Despite harsh conditions and forced labor in some cases, production of coal, iron, and machinery rose sharply by 1937.
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Similar planning models later influenced development strategies in China, India, and several Eastern European countries.
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Economists still debate whether central planning can match market-driven innovation, especially in fast-changing sectors.
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What remains clear is how these plans reshaped landscapes, labor systems, and national identities across continents.