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Climate Change Enters Global Politics: From Scientific Warning to Diplomatic Agenda
气候变化进入全球政治：从科学警示到外交议程
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Scientists first warned of greenhouse gas effects in the 19th century, but governments paid little attention until the 1970s.
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The 1988 formation of the IPCC gave climate science an official voice trusted by policymakers worldwide.
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At the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, over 170 nations signed the UNFCCC, accepting shared but differentiated responsibilities.
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The 1997 Kyoto Protocol set binding emissions targets for industrialized countries, though the U.S. never ratified it.
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Rising sea levels, droughts, and extreme weather made climate impacts visible far beyond laboratories and reports.
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Developing nations insisted rich countries bear historical responsibility for most emissions and fund adaptation.
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The 2015 Paris Agreement marked a breakthrough by requiring all nations—rich and poor—to submit climate plans.
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Its success depends not on enforcement but on transparency, peer review, and regular global stocktakes.
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Climate policy now intersects with trade, security, migration, and energy justice in complex ways.
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What began as a technical concern has become central to how states define national interest and global duty.