历史小径·世界史英语30篇（2）

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气候变化进入全球政治：从科学警示到外交议程

Scientists first warned of greenhouse gas effects in the 19th century, but governments paid little attention until the 1970s.
The 1988 formation of the IPCC gave climate science an official voice trusted by policymakers worldwide.
At the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, over 170 nations signed the UNFCCC, accepting shared but differentiated responsibilities.
The 1997 Kyoto Protocol set binding emissions targets for industrialized countries, though the U.S. never ratified it.
Rising sea levels, droughts, and extreme weather made climate impacts visible far beyond laboratories and reports.
Developing nations insisted rich countries bear historical responsibility for most emissions and fund adaptation.
The 2015 Paris Agreement marked a breakthrough by requiring all nations—rich and poor—to submit climate plans.
Its success depends not on enforcement but on transparency, peer review, and regular global stocktakes.
Climate policy now intersects with trade, security, migration, and energy justice in complex ways.
What began as a technical concern has become central to how states define national interest and global duty.