身边的经济学·社会常识英语30篇（2）

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人口老龄化对养老金体系的压力

As life expectancy rises and birth rates fall, more retirees depend on fewer workers.
Pay-as-you-go pension systems rely on current workers’ taxes to fund retirees’ benefits.
When the worker-to-retiree ratio drops, funding shortfalls become harder to avoid.
Governments may raise retirement ages, cut benefits, or increase payroll taxes.
Some countries introduce mandatory private pension savings to reduce public burden.
Demographic shifts also pressure healthcare budgets, which compete for fiscal space.
Delayed reforms risk sudden policy shocks that hurt vulnerable age groups.
Immigration can ease labor shortages but does not fully offset aging trends.
Pension sustainability now requires long-term planning across generations.
Actuarial forecasts help policymakers anticipate funding gaps before crises emerge.

听 → 读 → 学表达 → 懂 → 今天会说这一句 → 跟读录音 → 自己说一句。

Pension sustainability now requires long-term planning across generations. 养老金可持续性如今需要跨代际的长期规划。
Actuarial forecasts help policymakers anticipate funding gaps before crises emerge. 精算预测有助于决策者在危机出现前预判资金缺口。
When the worker-to-retiree ratio drops, funding shortfalls become harder to avoid. 当劳动者与退休人员比例下降时，资金缺口将更难避免。

这篇中文题目最接近哪一句？人口老龄化对养老金体系的压力一次学校运动会的通知一份超市购物清单

课文第一句的意思更接近？随着预期寿命延长和出生率下降，越来越多的退休人员依赖更少的劳动者。今天学校放假了。请把窗户打开。

这一课主要在讲什么？（看英文标题） Aging Populations and Pension System Strain How to cook noodles A maths worksheet

Pension sustainability now requires long-term planning across generations.

Pension sustainability now requires long-term planning across generations.

第一版：录下来、回听、再听标准音。系统打分以后再加。

用今天的表达，自己说一句。

例子：Pension sustainability now requires long-term planning across generations.