身边的经济学·社会常识英语30篇（2）

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全民基本收入：核心权衡框架

UBI proposes regular cash payments to all citizens regardless of employment status.
Proponents argue it simplifies welfare, reduces bureaucracy, and supports dignity.
Critics worry about affordability, labor supply disincentives, and inflationary pressures.
Funding options include higher income taxes, VAT hikes, or redirected subsidies.
Pilot programs show modest labor reductions, mainly among caregivers and students.
UBI differs from traditional welfare by eliminating means-testing and conditionality.
Its success depends on national fiscal capacity and social consensus on fairness.
Design choices—like payment level and universality—affect both cost and equity outcomes.
Some economists see UBI as insurance against automation-driven job loss.
Debates continue over whether it complements or replaces existing safety nets.