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Tariffs Raise Domestic Prices by Reducing Import Competition
关税通过削弱进口竞争抬高国内价格
精读先不看文字，完整听一遍。
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A tariff is a tax on imported goods, collected at the border before products enter the domestic market.关税是对进口商品征收的税，于商品进入国内市场前在边境征收。
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By raising import prices, tariffs make foreign goods less attractive compared to similar domestic ones.通过抬高进口商品价格，关税使外国商品相比同类国产商品吸引力下降。
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Domestic producers then gain pricing power and may raise their own prices without losing all customers.国内生产商因此获得定价权，可在不流失全部客户的情况下提高自身产品价格。
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Consumers pay more overall, not just for imports but also for domestically made substitutes facing less competitive pressure.消费者整体支出增加，不仅体现在进口商品上，也体现在竞争压力减小的国产替代品上。
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Even if tariffs target only certain countries, global supply chains mean price effects spread across many products.即便关税仅针对特定国家，全球供应链仍会使价格影响扩散至众多商品。
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Exporters in tariff-imposing countries often face retaliatory duties, hurting domestic farmers and manufacturers abroad.加征关税国家的出口商常面临报复性关税，损害本国海外农民和制造商利益。
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The deadweight loss arises because some mutually beneficial trades no longer occur due to artificially high prices.无谓损失源于人为高价导致部分互利贸易无法发生。
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Revenue from tariffs goes to the government, but it rarely offsets the broader welfare loss to households and businesses.关税收入归政府所有，但通常远不足以弥补家庭和企业承受的整体福利损失。
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Small open economies feel tariff impacts more sharply because they depend heavily on imported inputs and export markets.小型开放经济体受关税冲击更明显，因其高度依赖进口投入品和出口市场。
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Policymakers must compare targeted industrial benefits against widespread consumer costs and trade relationship risks.政策制定者须权衡特定产业受益与广泛消费者成本及贸易关系风险。
精读 · 大约 10 分钟
听 → 读 → 学表达 → 懂 → 今天会说这一句 → 跟读录音 → 自己说一句。
③ 学 · 重点表达
- Exporters in tariff-imposing countries often face retaliatory duties, hurting domestic farmers and manufacturers abroad. 加征关税国家的出口商常面临报复性关税，损害本国海外农民和制造商利益。
- Policymakers must compare targeted industrial benefits against widespread consumer costs and trade relationship risks. 政策制定者须权衡特定产业受益与广泛消费者成本及贸易关系风险。
- By raising import prices, tariffs make foreign goods less attractive compared to similar domestic ones. 通过抬高进口商品价格，关税使外国商品相比同类国产商品吸引力下降。
④ 懂 · 选一选
⑤ 今天会说这一句
Exporters in tariff-imposing countries often face retaliatory duties, hurting domestic farmers and manufacturers abroad.
⑥ 跟读并录音
Exporters in tariff-imposing countries often face retaliatory duties, hurting domestic farmers and manufacturers abroad.
第一版：录下来、回听、再听标准音。系统打分以后再加。
⑦ 说 · 自己来一句
用今天的表达，自己说一句。
例子：Exporters in tariff-imposing countries often face retaliatory duties, hurting domestic farmers and manufacturers abroad.
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