身边的经济学·社会常识英语30篇（2）
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Tariffs Raise Domestic Prices by Reducing Import Competition
关税通过削弱进口竞争抬高国内价格
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A tariff is a tax on imported goods, collected at the border before products enter the domestic market.
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By raising import prices, tariffs make foreign goods less attractive compared to similar domestic ones.
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Domestic producers then gain pricing power and may raise their own prices without losing all customers.
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Consumers pay more overall, not just for imports but also for domestically made substitutes facing less competitive pressure.
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Even if tariffs target only certain countries, global supply chains mean price effects spread across many products.
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Exporters in tariff-imposing countries often face retaliatory duties, hurting domestic farmers and manufacturers abroad.
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The deadweight loss arises because some mutually beneficial trades no longer occur due to artificially high prices.
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Revenue from tariffs goes to the government, but it rarely offsets the broader welfare loss to households and businesses.
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Small open economies feel tariff impacts more sharply because they depend heavily on imported inputs and export markets.
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Policymakers must compare targeted industrial benefits against widespread consumer costs and trade relationship risks.