身边的经济学·社会常识英语30篇（2）

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关税通过削弱进口竞争抬高国内价格

A tariff is a tax on imported goods, collected at the border before products enter the domestic market.
By raising import prices, tariffs make foreign goods less attractive compared to similar domestic ones.
Domestic producers then gain pricing power and may raise their own prices without losing all customers.
Consumers pay more overall, not just for imports but also for domestically made substitutes facing less competitive pressure.
Even if tariffs target only certain countries, global supply chains mean price effects spread across many products.
Exporters in tariff-imposing countries often face retaliatory duties, hurting domestic farmers and manufacturers abroad.
The deadweight loss arises because some mutually beneficial trades no longer occur due to artificially high prices.
Revenue from tariffs goes to the government, but it rarely offsets the broader welfare loss to households and businesses.
Small open economies feel tariff impacts more sharply because they depend heavily on imported inputs and export markets.
Policymakers must compare targeted industrial benefits against widespread consumer costs and trade relationship risks.