STEM与日常科技·英语30篇（3）
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GOP Structure and the Role of Keyframes in Video Compression
视频GOP结构与关键帧的作用
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Every video you stream uses a group of pictures, or GOP, to reduce file size efficiently.
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A GOP starts with an I-frame, which stores full image data without referencing other frames.
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P-frames and B-frames then store only the differences from nearby I- or P-frames.
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This inter-frame compression saves huge amounts of bandwidth while maintaining acceptable quality.
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If your internet drops mid-GOP, playback may freeze until the next I-frame arrives.
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Keyframes act like visual bookmarks, letting players seek quickly to any point in the video.
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Longer GOPs improve compression but increase latency and error recovery time.
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Modern encoders adjust GOP length dynamically based on motion complexity and network conditions.
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Without keyframes, editing software couldn’t cut video precisely at arbitrary timestamps.
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Understanding GOP helps explain why paused videos sometimes show blurry or frozen artifacts.