历史小径·世界史英语精读30篇（3）
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Maritime Rights and Diplomacy with Neighboring States
海洋权益与邻国外交
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The 1982 UNCLOS established exclusive economic zones up to 200 nautical miles—but overlapping claims in the South China Sea involve seven states with competing historical evidence frameworks.
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Vietnam cites 17th-century Nguyễn dynasty naval patrols; the Philippines references Spanish-era hydrographic surveys; China presents Ming dynasty maritime maps with dotted-line annotations.
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Joint development zones—like the 2004 Malaysia-Thailand agreement—bypass sovereignty disputes by creating shared licensing regimes for oil exploration.
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Fisheries management treaties now include satellite catch monitoring, requiring interoperable vessel-tracking systems and real-time data-sharing protocols.
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Japan’s 2012 nationalization of the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands triggered recalibrations in Coast Guard patrol patterns and bilateral scientific cooperation moratoria.
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ASEAN’s Code of Conduct negotiations emphasize procedural norms—notification timelines for naval exercises, standardized distress call formats—over final territorial settlement.
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Maritime courts increasingly admit bathymetric data and sediment core analyses as evidence of continental shelf continuity—blending geology and law.
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Coastal states now negotiate ‘blue economy’ partnerships covering marine genetic resources, seabed mining rights, and underwater cable routing—expanding traditional maritime diplomacy.
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Small island states like Palau leverage UNCLOS provisions on environmental protection to challenge distant-water fishing fleets through international arbitration.
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Digital tools like AIS tracking and AI-powered illegal fishing detection have become diplomatic assets—shared data builds trust faster than joint statements.
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Ocean governance today reflects a paradox: the more precisely we map the seabed, the more complex sovereignty becomes—not simpler.