十万个为什么·科学阅读30篇（1）

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为什么冰刀能在结冰的水面上顺畅滑行？

Ice skates glide smoothly because pressure from the blade melts a thin layer of ice instantly.
This melted water acts like lubricant, reducing friction between metal and ice surface.
Although the air is cold, the localized pressure lowers ice’s melting point temporarily.
Once the skate passes, the water refreezes quickly due to surrounding low temperatures.
The smoother and harder the ice, the thinner and more effective this water film becomes.
Unlike snow or slush, solid ice provides uniform support and consistent melting behavior.
Skaters lean slightly to control edge angles, which changes pressure distribution and turning radius.
Scientists confirm this pressure-melting effect using high-speed imaging and micro-thermometers.
Some studies also show that surface molecules of ice are naturally disordered, aiding slipperiness.
Even at -20°C, this phenomenon occurs—but requires greater pressure for thinner films.