十万个为什么·科学阅读30篇（1）

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磁星如何产生宇宙中最强的磁场？

Magnetars are neutron stars with magnetic fields up to one thousand trillion times Earth’s.
Their extreme magnetism comes from rapid rotation combined with intense convection in super-dense cores.
When massive stars collapse, their magnetic fields get compressed and amplified dramatically.
Dynamo action—driven by swirling, electrically conductive neutrons—boosts field strength further.
These fields are so powerful they distort atoms and affect light polarization across vast distances.
Magnetars occasionally release giant flares, emitting more energy in 0.1 seconds than the Sun does in 100,000 years.
Unlike regular pulsars, magnetars spin slower and emit mostly X-rays and gamma rays.
Their crusts can crack under magnetic stress, causing starquakes that shake the entire star.
Only about 30 confirmed magnetars exist in our galaxy, making them rare but vital cosmic laboratories.
Studying them helps test physics under conditions impossible to recreate on Earth.